{"id":15007,"date":"2024-11-13T17:49:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T16:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/?p=15007"},"modified":"2025-01-31T20:11:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T19:11:41","slug":"reguly-incoterms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/incoterms\/incoterms-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Incoterms rules - the key to international trade | Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"font-600 text-2xl font-bold\">International trade rules: What are Incoterms 2020?<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">What are Incoterms and what is their importance in international trade?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">Incoterms stands for International Commercial Terms, the international trade rules that define the terms of sale in international transactions. The Incoterms 2020 rules, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce, are a fundamental part of modern international trade. It is these rules that allow the parties to a sales contract to precisely define their obligations and responsibilities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neuroncdn.com\/cdn-0001\/a8c38dd8d576d7b7b7f0f39a7faaf1ea6e6f907c258b9ea31a0ab8d34fc7af7b?ts=1731515863\" alt=\"gov incoterms\" width=\"default\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">Definition and purpose of Incoterms<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">Incoterms precisely define the division of responsibilities between the seller and the buyer in international commodity trading. An Incoterms rule designates the point at which risk passes to the buyer, defines responsibility for transportation, insurance and customs clearance of goods. Each rule clearly defines who is responsible for the various elements of the goods delivery process, from loading to transportation and insurance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/service\/\">Learn more about our transportation services<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">Importance in commercial practice<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">In practice, these rules are crucial to:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Determination of the moment of delivery of goods<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Division of costs between the parties<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Determination of responsibility for risk<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Organization of transportation and insurance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Completion of customs formalities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">History and evolution of Incoterms<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">From the first version of Incoterms 2010 to the current Incoterms\u00ae 2020, the rules have evolved to adapt to the changing needs of international trade. Incoterms\u00ae terms and conditions are regularly updated to reflect the latest practices in transportation and international trade. Each successive version introduces improvements and responds to new challenges in global trade.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">Key changes in Incoterms 2020<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neuroncdn.com\/cdn-0001\/cbea77ceb51ec8db5f05f109b0d98aa1263efc1e47c7d9699b4d758b2fb9ec81?ts=1731515817\" alt=\"incoterms what is it\" width=\"default\" \/>In 2020, significant modifications were made to the Incoterms rules. There are currently 11 Incoterms rules, which fall into two main categories:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-decimal space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Rules for maritime and inland waterway transportation:\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">FOB (Free on Board)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">CFR (Cost and Freight)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Rules for all <a href=\"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/transportation\/transit-what-is\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"5\">modes of transport<\/a>:\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">EXW (Ex Works)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">FCA (Free Carrier)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">CPT (Carriage Paid To)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid).<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">DAP (Delivered at Place)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">How to choose the right Incoterms 2020 rule?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">The choice of the right rule depends on a number of factors, including the type of transport, the type of goods and the preferences of the contracting parties.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">EXW (Ex Works)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">EXW rules stipulate that the seller is responsible for delivering the goods only to its facility. The buyer bears all transportation costs and risks from the time he receives the goods. In this rule:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The seller makes the goods available at his premises<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The buyer arranges transportation and bears all costs<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Risk passes to the buyer when the goods are made available<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Responsibility for customs clearance lies with the buyer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">FCA (Free Carrier)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">FCA rules indicate that the seller bears the cost of transportation to a specific location where the carrier picks up the goods. Free Carrier means that the seller has more responsibility than in the case of EXW. The seller is obligated to:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Deliver the goods to the agreed location<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Arrange initial transportation<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Perform export customs clearance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Cover the costs until the goods are handed over to the carrier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">See our experience in specialized transportation<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">FOB (Free on Board)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">In the FOB rule, which applies only to sea and inland waterway transportation, the seller is obliged to deliver the goods on board the ship. Obligations include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Transportation of goods to the port<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Loading onto the ship<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Export customs clearance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Coverage up to the point of overboarding the ship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">Obligations of parties in Incoterms 2020 rules<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">CPT (Carriage Paid To)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">According to Incoterms rules, in CPT, the seller bears the cost of transportation to the designated location. Carriage Paid means that:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Seller arranges transportation<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Covers costs to destination<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Responsible for export customs clearance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Risk passes to buyer upon handover to first carrier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid).<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">In CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid), the seller is responsible for:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/ourservices\/carriage-of-dangerous-goods\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"123\">Carriage and insurance of goods<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Organization of transport<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Coverage to destination<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Provide broader insurance coverage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/adr\/adr-to-jest\/\">Check out our ADR transport offer<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">DAP (Delivered at Place)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">In the DAP rule, the seller delivers the goods to the agreed place of delivery. DAP Incoterms specify that:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The seller shall bear the cost of transportation to the designated place<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Responsible for delivery of goods<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Bears the risk until delivery<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Not responsible for unloading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">The impact of Incoterms 2020 on costs and insurance<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">Choosing the right Incoterms rule significantly affects the total cost of transporting and insuring the goods. In some rules, like CIP, more extensive insurance is required, which can increase the cost of the entire transaction.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/slawatrans.pl\/en\/contact\/\">Contact us about transportation<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">Rules for shipping<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">In maritime and inland waterway transportation, special rules apply, adapted to the specifics of this type of transportation. Each of these rules precisely defines the moment of transfer of risk and liability from the seller to the buyer.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">The most common problems when using Incoterms 2020<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">When applying Incoterms rules, misunderstandings often arise regarding:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The timing of the transfer of risk from the seller to the buyer<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The scope of responsibility for customs clearance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Obligation of export clearance<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Costs of loading and unloading<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">The issue of insurance of goods<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Choosing the right mode of transportation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">How to avoid mistakes?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">To avoid problems, you should:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-decimal space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Specify the exact place of delivery<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Clearly agree on cost sharing<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Select the rule appropriate to the type of transport<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Precisely define the obligations of the parties in the sales contract<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"><em>Useful external links:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/\">World Trade Organization<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/\">International Chamber of Commerce<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/\">United Nations Commission on International Trade Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"font-600 text-xl font-bold\">Official sources of information on Incoterms 2020<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the official source of information on Incoterms rules. Delivered At Place Unloaded and other new terms are explained in detail in the official ICC publication. It is advisable to use authorized sources to avoid misinterpretation of the rules.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font-600 text-lg font-bold\">Training and certification<\/h3>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">Specialized training in the application of Incoterms 2020 rules is available for professionals involved in international trade. These include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"-mt-1 [li&gt;&amp;]:mt-2 list-disc space-y-2 pl-8\" style=\"font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Practical aspects of using particular rules<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Case study<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Analysis of the most common errors<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Documentation creation workshop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">Remember that the proper application of Incoterms 2020 rules can significantly affect the efficiency and safety of business transactions. That's why it's so important to thoroughly understand the duties and responsibilities of your chosen rule and to constantly update your knowledge in this area.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International trade rules: What are Incoterms 2020? What are Incoterms and what is their importance in international trade? Incoterms is an acronym for International Commercial Terms - international trade rules that define the terms of sale in international transactions. The Incoterms 2020 rules, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce, are a fundamental part of modern international trade. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[154],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-incoterms"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Regu\u0142y Incoterms \u2013 klucz do mi\u0119dzynarodowego handlu | Przewodnik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Poznaj regu\u0142y Incoterms, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 kluczem do mi\u0119dzynarodowego handlu. 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