Transportation models - what are they? A complete guide for the logistics industry
Modern logistics is a complex system, where the choice of the right transportation model determines the efficiency of the entire supply chain. For transport companies with experience in specialized transportation, knowledge of a variety of models is the foundation of professional services. The European transportation market generates annual revenues in excess of 400 billion euros, with an increasing share of transport requiring finely tuned models.
Definition of transportation models
Models transport are organized systems for the movement of goods that define how transportation is carried out from the point of shipment to the destination. Each model is characterized by a specific route structure, fleet management method and optimization of resource utilization. Choosing the right model directly affects operating costs, delivery time and cargo security.
Today's models are evolving toward digitalization. The use of TMS, GPS tracking and IoT solutions allows for real-time optimization. Companies offering 24/7 monitoring and high insurance represent a new approach, where technology supports traditional organizational models.
Basic organizational models
Pendulum model
Pendulum model is the simplest form of transport organization - regular runs between two points. It works perfectly for regular customers with regular deliveries. The biggest advantage is organizational simplicity and cost predictability. In pharmaceutical transportation, this model is ideal for deliveries drugs From the manufacturer to regional distribution centers.
Continuous pendulum model uses three trailers to maximize efficiency. While the driver delivers a full semi-trailer, the second is loaded and the third is waiting to be unloaded. This model allows you to increase the use of driver time by 30-40%.
Radial model
Radial model is characterized by a single loading point and multiple delivery locations. From a central warehouse, vehicles distribute goods to various customers, then return to the starting point. In distribution pharmaceutical Enables optimum use of specialized refrigerated vehicles - Each vehicle can serve 8-12 points during a single tour.
Circuit model
Circuit model allows to serve several customers during one route without returning to the loading point between deliveries. It is particularly popular in the courier industry, where route optimization translates directly into operational savings. In urban logistics, it minimizes the number of trips through congested centers.
Relay model
Relay model uses transshipment points where goods are moved from larger means of transport For smaller vehicles. In international transport, it allows combining long-distance transport with local distribution, especially for deliveries to urban centers with tonnage restrictions.
Types of transportation by mode of transport
Road transport
Car transport offers the greatest flexibility and accessibility. Its extensive road network allows it to reach virtually anywhere, making it ideal for last-mile deliveries. Features highest flexibility in terms of schedules and routes.
Rail transport
Rail transportation plays a key role in freight Bulk freight over long distances. One depot can carry a load equal to 30-40 trucks. It is the greenest, generating 3-4 times less CO2 emissionsCompared to road transport.
Water transportation
Maritime transport handles about 75% of world trade, offering the lowest cost for intercontinental freight. Inland transportation is becoming a popular alternative For congested roads, allowing the carriage of containers From ports to logistics centers.
Air transport
Air transport has the highest speed, but also the highest cost. Indispensable for high value, low weight or short shelf life goods. W pharmaceutical industry Often used to carry life-saving drugs.
Multimodal and intermodal transport
Multimodal transport uses at least two modes of transportation, where a single operator is responsible for the whole under a single contract. Allows you to change the cargo unit during the transition between modes of transport.
Intermodal transport is characterized by the use of a single cargo unit along the entire route without transshipment of goods. Minimizes the risk of damage, but may be less flexible due to limitations in the choice of transportation means.
In practice, the choice depends on the characteristics of the load. High-value goods prefer intermodal solutions to minimize risk. Modal shift from road to rail can reduce CO2 emissions by 60-80%.
Specialized transportation
Pharmaceutical transportation
It requires the highest standards of quality and compliance with GDP regulations. Models must take into account strict temperature requirements and sophisticated tracking systems. Real-time temperature monitoring and continuous data logging are standard. Insurance up to €1,000,000 and emergency response protocols ensure the integrity of the product.
Transportation of chemicals
ADR transport requires specialized models focusing on security and compliance. Hub-and-consolidation models allow segregation of incompatible materials. 24/7 emergency response teams and specialized cleanup equipment are mandatory requirements.
Bibliography
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